The general classification of chemicals is as follows: explosives, oxidizers, flammables, toxic substances, corrosives, radioactive materials, carcinogens, mutagens, irritants, and asphyxiants.
This classification is covered extensively in other topics on Occupational Safety and Health, where both this classification and the corresponding regulations are discussed (Regulations on the Notification of New Substances and the Classification, Packaging, and Labeling of Hazardous Substances). Royal Decree 363/1995, dated March 10, 1995, regulating the Notification of New Substances and the Classification, Packaging, and Labeling of Hazardous Substances. Official State Gazette (BOE) No. 133, dated June 5).
CORROSIVE SUBSTANCES
These are products that have a destructive effect when they come into contact with the skin.
They also corrode metals and their derivatives. They are very corrosive. These include strong acids and bases, oxidizing agents, etc.:
- Acetic acid (CH₃COOH). Colorless, with a pungent odor. Its melting point is 16.6°C, and it sometimes freezes in winter. It is relatively flammable and toxic.
- Hydrochloric acid (HCl). Colorless with a choking odor. It must be stored in a topaz-colored bottle, since light causes it to decompose into NO₂, which turns the solution yellow.
- Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄). Colorless and odorless, oily and corrosive.
- Ammonium hydroxide (NH₄OH). It has a pungent, acrid, tear-inducing odor and gives off ammonia vapors.
- Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). Colorless and with a pungent odor; a strong oxidizing agent.
FLAMMABLE SOLVENTS
- Acetone (CH3COCH3). Colorless, with a mild, pleasant odor; volatile and flammable. It is often used along with water to wash laboratory containers (ink).
- Ethanol, chloroform, toluene, diethyl ether, carbon tetrachloride.